Everything about The Nueva Planta Decrees totally explained
The
Nueva Planta decrees (
Spanish:
Decretos de Nueva Planta) were a number of
decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by
Philip V—the first
Bourbon king of
Spain—during and shortly after the end of the
War of the Spanish Succession which he won.
Taking his native
France as a model of a centralized state, Philip V suppressed the institutions, privileges, and the ancient
fueros of almost all the areas that were formerly part of the
Crown of Aragon (
Aragon,
Catalonia,
Valencia, and the
Balearic Islands). The decrees ruled that all the territories in the Crown of Aragon except the
Val d'Aran were to be ruled by the laws of
Castile ("
the most praiseworthy in all the Universe" according to the 1707 decree), embedding these regions in a new, and nearly uniformly administered, centralized Spain. Other historic territories such as
Navarre and the
Basque Country, which supported Philip V during the war, kept using their own
charters.
The acts abolishing the fueros were promulgated in 1707 in Valencia and Aragon, in 1715 in
Majorca and the other Balearic Islands (with the exception of
Menorca, a colony of the
Kingdom of Great Britain at the time), and finally in Catalonia on
January 16,
1716.
These acts constituted the first realization of Spain as a centralized state and were meant both as a modernizing element, in line with other European countries where the monarchs were increasing their powers, and also as a punishment on these territories which had fought against Philip V in the War of Succession. Top civil servants were appointed directly from
Madrid, the king's court city, and most institutions in these territories were abolished. Court cases could only be presented and argued in
Castilian Spanish, which became the sole language of government, displacing
Catalan and other
Iberian languages.
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